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			<h1>AngularJS <span class="color_h1">指令</span>
</h1>
<hr>
<p class="intro">AngularJS 通过被称为 <strong>指令</strong> 的新属性来扩展 HTML。</p>
<p  class="intro">
AngularJS 通过内置的指令来为应用添加功能。</p>
<p  class="intro">AngularJS 允许你自定义指令。</p>
<hr>

<h2>AngularJS 指令</h2>
<p>AngularJS 指令是扩展的 HTML 属性，带有前缀 <strong>ng-</strong>。</p>
<p><strong>ng-app</strong> 指令初始化一个 AngularJS 应用程序。</p>
<p><strong>ng-init</strong> 指令初始化应用程序数据。</p>
<p><strong>ng-model</strong> 指令把元素值（比如输入域的值）绑定到应用程序。</p>
<p>完整的指令内容可以参阅 <a href="angularjs-reference.html"> AngularJS 参考手册</a>。</p>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">AngularJS 实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">div</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-app</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-init</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">firstName='John'</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
 
     </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">在输入框中尝试输入：</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
     </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">姓名：</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">input</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">type</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">text</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-model</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">firstName</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
     </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">你输入的为： {{ firstName }}</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">div</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span></div>
</div>
<br><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_directives" target="_blank">尝试一下 »</a>
</div>
<p><strong>ng-app</strong> 指令告诉 AngularJS，&lt;div&gt; 元素是 AngularJS <strong>应用程序</strong> 的"所有者"。</p>


<h2>数据绑定</h2>
<p>上面实例中的 <strong>{{ firstName }}</strong> 表达式是一个 AngularJS 数据绑定表达式。</p>
<p>AngularJS 中的数据绑定，同步了 AngularJS 表达式与 AngularJS 数据。</p>
<p><strong>{{ firstName }}</strong> 是通过 <strong>ng-model="firstName"</strong> 进行同步。</p>
<p>在下一个实例中，两个文本域是通过两个 ng-model 指令同步的：</p>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">AngularJS 实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">div</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-app</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-init</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">quantity=1;price=5</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">h2</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">价格计算器</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">h2</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
 
数量： </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">input</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">type</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">number</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">    </span><span class="hl-var">ng-model</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">quantity</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
价格： </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">input</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">type</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">number</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-model</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">price</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">b</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">总价：</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">b</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code"> {{ quantity * price }}</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">div</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span></div>
</div>
<br><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_binding" target="_blank">尝试一下 »</a>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<table class="lamp"><tr>
<th style="width:34px"><img decoding="async" src="/images/lamp.jpg" alt="Note" style="height:32px;width:32px"></th>
<td>
使用 <strong>ng-init</strong> 不是很常见。您将在控制器一章中学习到一个更好的初始化数据的方式。</td>
</tr></table>
<hr>

<h2>重复 HTML 元素</h2>
<p><strong>ng-repeat</strong> 指令会重复一个 HTML 元素：</p>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">AngularJS 实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">div</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-app</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-init</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">names=['Jani','Hege','Kai']</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
  </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">使用 ng-repeat 来循环数组</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
  </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">ul</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
    </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">li</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-repeat</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">x in names</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
      {{ x }}
    </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">li</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
  </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">ul</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">div</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span></div>
</div>
<br><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_repeat_array" target="_blank">尝试一下 »</a>
</div>
<p><strong>ng-repeat</strong> 指令用在一个对象数组上：</p>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">AngularJS 实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">div</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-app</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-init</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">names=[
{name:'Jani',country:'Norway'},
{name:'Hege',country:'Sweden'},
{name:'Kai',country:'Denmark'}]</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">循环对象：</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">p</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">ul</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
  </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;</span><span class="hl-reserved">li</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-var">ng-repeat</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">x    in names</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
    {{ x.name + ', ' + x.country }}
  </span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">li</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">ul</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-brackets">&lt;/</span><span class="hl-reserved">div</span><span class="hl-brackets">&gt;</span></div>
</div>
<br><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_repeat_object" target="_blank">尝试一下 »</a>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<table class="lamp"><tr>
<th style="width:34px"><img decoding="async" src="/images/lamp.jpg" alt="Note" style="height:32px;width:32px"></th>
<td>AngularJS 完美支持数据库的 CRUD（增加Create、读取Read、更新Update、删除Delete）应用程序。<br>
把实例中的对象想象成数据库中的记录。</td>
</tr></table>
<hr>

<h2>ng-app 指令</h2>
<p><strong>ng-app</strong> 指令定义了 AngularJS 应用程序的 <strong>根元素</strong>。</p>
<p><strong>ng-app</strong> 指令在网页加载完毕时会<strong>自动引导</strong>（自动初始化）应用程序。 </p>
<p>稍后您将学习到 <strong>ng-app</strong> 如何通过一个值（比如 ng-app="myModule"）连接到代码模块。</p>
<hr>

<h2>ng-init 指令</h2>
<p><strong>ng-init</strong> 指令为 AngularJS 应用程序定义了 <strong>初始值</strong>。</p>
<p>通常情况下，不使用 ng-init。您将使用一个控制器或模块来代替它。</p>
<p>稍后您将学习更多有关控制器和模块的知识。</p>
<hr>

<h2>ng-model 指令</h2>
<p><strong>ng-model</strong> 指令 <strong>绑定 HTML 元素</strong> 到应用程序数据。</p>
<p><strong>ng-model</strong> 指令也可以：</p>
<ul>
<li>为应用程序数据提供类型验证（number、email、required）。</li>
	<li>为应用程序数据提供状态（invalid、dirty、touched、error）。</li>
	<li>为 HTML 元素提供 CSS 类。</li>
	<li>绑定 HTML 元素到 HTML 表单。</li>
</ul>
<hr>

<h2>ng-repeat 指令</h2>
<p><strong>ng-repeat</strong> 指令对于集合中（数组中）的每个项会 <strong>克隆一次 HTML 元素</strong>。</p>
<br><hr>
<h2>创建自定义的指令</h2>
<p>除了 AngularJS 内置的指令外，我们还可以创建自定义指令。</p>
<p>你可以使用 <b>.directive</b> 函数来添加自定义的指令。</p>
<p>要调用自定义指令，HTML 元素上需要添加自定义指令名。</p>
<p>使用驼峰法来命名一个指令， <b>
runoobDirective</b>, 但在使用它时需要以 <b>-</b> 分割, <b>runoob-directive</b>:</p>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">AngularJS 实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="htmlHigh">
	<span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">body</span> <span class="highATT">ng-app=</span><span class="highVAL">"myApp"</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span><br><br><span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">runoob-directive</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span><span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">/runoob-directive</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span><br><br>
	<span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">script</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span><br>var app = angular.module("myApp", []);<br>app.directive("runoobDirective", 
	function() {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
	template : "&lt;h1&gt;自定义指令!&lt;/h1&gt;"<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; };<br>
	});<br><span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">/script</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span><br><br>
	<span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">/body</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span></div>
	</div><br><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_directive_tagname" target="_blank">尝试一下 »</a>

</div>
<p>你可以通过以下方式来调用指令：</p>
<ul>
	<li>元素名</li>
	<li>属性</li>
	<li>类名</li>
	<li>注释</li>
</ul>
<p>以下实例方式也能输出同样结果:</p>
<div class="example">
	<p>元素名</p>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="htmlHigh"><span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">runoob-directive</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span><span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">/runoob-directive</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span></div>
	</div><br><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_directive_element" target="_blank">尝试一下 »</a>

</div>

<div class="example">
	<p>属性</p>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="htmlHigh"><span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">div</span> <span class="highATT">runoob-directive</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span><span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">/div</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span></div>
	</div><br><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_directive_attribute" target="_blank">尝试一下 »</a>
</div>
<div class="example">
	<p>类名</p>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="htmlHigh"><span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">div</span> <span class="highATT">class=</span><span class="highVAL">"runoob-directive"</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span><span class="highLT">&lt;</span><span class="highELE">/div</span><span class="highGT">&gt;</span></div>
	</div>
	<br><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_directive_class" target="_blank">尝试一下 »</a>

</div>

<div class="example">
	<p>注释</p>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="htmlHigh"><span class="highCOM">&lt;!-- directive: runoob-directive --&gt;</span></div>
	</div><br><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_directive_comment" target="_blank">尝试一下 »</a>

</div>
<hr>
<h2>限制使用</h2>
<p>你可以限制你的指令只能通过特定的方式来调用。</p>
<div class="example">
	<h3>实例</h3>
	<p>通过添加 <b>restrict</b> 属性,并设置值为 <code>"A"</code>, 
	来设置指令只能通过属性的方式来调用:</p>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="jsHigh">
	<span class="highELE">var</span> app = angular.module(<span class="highVAL">"myApp"</span>, []);<br>app.directive(<span class="highVAL">"runoobDirective"</span>, 
	<span class="highELE">function</span>() {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="highELE">return</span> {<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
	restrict : <span class="highVAL">"A"</span>,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
	template : <span class="highVAL">"&lt;h1&gt;自定义指令!&lt;/h1&gt;"</span><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; };<br>
	});<br></div>
	</div><br><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_directive_restrictions" target="_blank">尝试一下 »</a>
</div><p><b>restrict</b> 值可以是以下几种:</p>
<ul>
	<li><code>E</code> 作为元素名使用</li>
	<li><code>A</code> 作为属性使用</li>
	<li><code>C</code> 作为类名使用</li>
	<li><code>M</code> 作为注释使用</li>
</ul><p><b>restrict</b> 默认值为 <code>EA</code>, 即可以通过元素名和属性名来调用指令。</p>			<!-- 其他扩展 -->
						
			</div>
			
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		<div class="previous-next-links">
			<div class="previous-design-link"><i style="font-size:16px;" class="fa fa-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a href="../angularjs/angularjs-expressions.html" rel="prev"> AngularJS 表达式</a> </div>
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	<ol class="commentlist">
		<li class="comment byuser comment-author-alice even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-684"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alice</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;che***0503@163.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-684" data-commid = "684" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">14</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-684"><p>angular自定义指令的两种写法：</p><p>
上面这种，感觉更清晰明确一点。</p>
<pre>
// angular.module('MyApp',[])
// .directive('zl1',zl1)
// .controller('con1',['$scope',func1]);
//
// function zl1(){
//   var directive={
//     restrict:'AEC',
//     template:'this is the it-first directive',
//   };
//   return directive;
// };
//
// function func1($scope){
//   $scope.name="alice";
// }

//这是教程里类似的写法
angular.module('myApp',[]).directive('zl1',[ function(){
  return {
    restrict:'AE',
    template:'thirective',
    link:function($scope,elm,attr,controller){
      console.log("这是link");
    },
    controller:function($scope,$element,$attrs){
      console.log("这是con");
    }
  };
}]).controller('Con1',['$scope',function($scope){
  $scope.name="aliceqqq";
}]);
</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">Alice</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alice</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;che***0503@163.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2016-12-29)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment byuser comment-author-alice odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-685"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alice</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;che***0503@163.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-685" data-commid = "685" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">9</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-685"><p>
还有指令配置项的：link controller等在项目运用中有遇到过：</p><pre>
angular.module('myApp', []).directive('first', [ function(){
    return {
        // scope: false, // 默认值，共享父级作用域
        // controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude) {},
        restrict: 'AE', // E = Element, A = Attribute, C = Class, M = Comment
        template: 'first name:{{name}}',
    };
}]).directive('second', [ function(){
    return {
        scope: true, // 继承父级作用域并创建指令自己的作用域
        // controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude) {},
        restrict: 'AE', // E = Element, A = Attribute, C = Class, M = Comment
        //当修改这里的name时，second会在自己的作用域中新建一个name变量，与父级作用域中的
        // name相对独立，所以再修改父级中的name对second中的name就不会有影响了
        template: 'second name:{{name}}',
    };
}]).directive('third', [ function(){
    return {
        scope: {}, // 创建指令自己的独立作用域，与父级毫无关系
        // controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude) {},
        restrict: 'AE', // E = Element, A = Attribute, C = Class, M = Comment
        template: 'third name:{{name}}',
    };
}])
.controller('DirectiveController', ['$scope', function($scope){
    $scope.name="mike";
}]);
</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">Alice</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alice</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;che***0503@163.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2016-12-29)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-12824"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;跟我回高老庄</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;807***326@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-12824" data-commid = "12824" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">2</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-12824"><ol><li>ng-model 是用于表单元素的，支持双向绑定。对普通元素无效；</li>
<li>ng-bind 用于普通元素，不能用于表单元素，应用程序单向地渲染数据到元素；</li>
<li>当 ng-bind 和 {{}} 同时使用时，ng-bind 绑定的值覆盖该元素的内容。</li>
<li>
用 ng-bind 比 {{}} 友好很多。</li>
</ol><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">跟我回高老庄</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;跟我回高老庄</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;807***326@qq.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2017-06-09)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-15756"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;奕溟</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;zxq***xszwm@163.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-15756" data-commid = "15756" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">5</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-15756"><p>首先,非常感谢Alice提供代码!!</p>
<pre>
&lt;body ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="YiMing"&gt;
姓名: &lt;input type="text" ng-model="name"/&gt; &lt;br/&gt;
    &lt;first/&gt;
    &lt;second/&gt;
&lt;script&gt;
angular.module('myApp', []).directive('first', [ function(){
    return {
        restrict: 'AE', 
        template: 'first name:{{name}}'
    };
}]).directive('second', [ function(){
    return {
        scope: {}, // 创建指令自己的独立作用域，与父级毫无关系
        controller: function($scope) {
          $scope.name="YiMing"
        },
        restrict: 'AE', 
        template: 'second name:{{name}}'
    };
}]).controller('YiMing', ['$scope', function($scope){
    $scope.name="YiMing";
}]);
&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre><p><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_directive_restrictions2" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">尝试一下 »</a></p>
<p>1. 当同时调用first和second时,只有first生效,两个template不会同时出现。</p>

<p>2. 当设置了 scope:{} 之后,{{name}}获取不到了,原因就是作用域的问题,想要设置这里的name的值,可以再加一个controller的字段。</p>

<div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">奕溟</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;奕溟</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;zxq***xszwm@163.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2017-08-02)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-20314"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;菜鸟</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;643***369@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-20314" data-commid = "20314" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">8</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-20314"><p>借用Alice的代码继续 关于自定义的指令内容解读</p>

<pre>angular.module('myApp', []).directive('first', [ function(){
    return {
        scope: false, //默认值为 false 共享父作用域 值为true时共享父级作用域并创建指令自己的                      

        controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude) {}, //作用域  值为{}时创建全新的隔离作用域, 值为string时为控制器名称
        restrict: 'AE', // E = Element, A = Attribute, C = Class, M = Comment
        template: 'first name:{{name}}',//值为string、function 用于显示dom元素
        templateUrl: 'xxx.html' //值为string function 以id为xxx.html为 调用文件显示
        priority: 0 //指明指令的优先级，若在dom上有多个指令优先级高的先执行
        replace: flase // 默认值为false 当为true是直接替换指令所在的标签
        terminal: true //值为true时优先级低于此指令的其它指令无效
        link:function // 值为函数 用来定义指令行为从传入的参数中获取元素并进行处理
        
    };
}]).directive('second', [ function(){
    return {
        scope: true, 

        // controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude) {},
        restrict: 'AE', // E = Element, A = Attribute, C = Class, M = Comment
        //当修改这里的name时，second会在自己的作用域中新建一个name变量，与父级作用域中的
        // name相对独立，所以再修改父级中的name对second中的name就不会有影响了
        template: 'second name:{{name}}',
    };
}])
.controller('DirectiveController', ['$scope', function($scope){
    $scope.name="mike";
}]);</pre>
<div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">菜鸟</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;菜鸟</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;643***369@qq.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2017-11-14)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-29537"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;黑绚源</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;861***478@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/directive">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-29537" data-commid = "29537" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">1</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-29537"><p><strong>templateUrl</strong>  除了接受 String,可以接受 <strong>function(elem,attr){}</strong>。</p>

<p>测试实例:</p>
<p>customer-address.html 文件代码：</p>
<pre>Address: {{customer.address}}</pre>
<p>customer-name.html 文件代码：</p>
<pre>Name: {{customer.name}}</pre>
<p>以下测试代码需要与 customer-address.html 和 customer-name.html 文件在同一个目录下：</p>
<pre>angular.module('docsTemplateUrlDirective', [])
.controller('Controller', ['$scope', function($scope) {
  $scope.customer = {
    name: 'Naomi',
    address: '1600 Amphitheatre'
  };
}])
.directive('myCustomer', function() {
  return {
    templateUrl: function(elem, attr) {
      return 'customer-' + attr.type + '.html';
    }
  };
});</pre>
<p><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_templateUrl" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">尝试一下 »</a></p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">黑绚源</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;黑绚源</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;861***478@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/directive">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>5年前 (2018-07-12)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-35366"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wade</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;jaw***e@sina.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-35366" data-commid = "35366" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">1</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-35366"><p>列表调用，还可用于超链接，棒的不行：</p><pre>
&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
&lt;html&gt;
&lt;head&gt;
&lt;meta charset="utf-8"&gt;
&lt;script src=""&gt;&lt;/script&gt; 
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
&lt;div ng-app="" ng-init="names=[
{name:'菜鸟教程', country:'CN', url:'https://www.runoob.com'},
{name:'Google', country:'USA', url:'https://www.google.com'},
{name:'知乎', country:'CN', url:'https://www.zhihu.com'}]"&gt;
&lt;p&gt;循环对象:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;a ng-repeat="x in names" href="{{x.url}}" rel="nofollow"&gt;
  {{ x.name + ', ' + x.country }}&lt;br&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;
</pre>
<p><a class="tryitbtn" href="https://c.runoob.com/codedemo/5433" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">尝试一下 »</a></p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">wade</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wade</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;jaw***e@sina.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2018-09-25)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-37843"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hea7en</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;882***65@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-37843" data-commid = "37843" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">2</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-37843"><p>有时候绑定 <code>ngModel</code> 到一个 getter/setter 函数时很有用的。getter 是一种能返回一个模型表示的无参函数，setter 是只有一个参数的用于设置模型内部状态的函数。 它对于模型内部与视图显示时所用的数据形式不一致时非常有用。</p>

<p>要使用它，你需要添加 <code>ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"</code> 到一个有 <code>ng-model</code> 元素上。你也可以添加 <code>ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"</code> 到 <code>&lt;form&gt;</code> 上，使的表单中的所有 <code>&lt;input&gt;</code> 都生效。参见 <a href="https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/directive/ngModelOptions" rel="nofollow"><code>ngModelOptions</code></a> 获取更多信息。</p>

<p>下面的例子演示如何通过 getter/setter 使用 <code>ngModel</code> ：</p>
<pre>&lt;div ng-controller="ExampleController"&gt;
  &lt;form name="userForm"&gt;
    &lt;label&gt;
      Name:
      &lt;input type="text" name="userName"
             ng-model="user.name"
             ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" /&gt;
    &lt;/label&gt;
  &lt;/form&gt;
&lt;p&gt;user.name = &lt;span ng-bind="user.name()"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
<p><a class="tryitbtn" href="https://c.runoob.com/codedemo/5462" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">尝试一下 »</a></p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">hea7en</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hea7en</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;882***65@qq.com</p></div></span>4年前 (2018-12-08)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-37844"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hea7en</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;882***65@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-37844" data-commid = "37844" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">0</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-37844"><p>ngInit 指令允许你在执行一个当前域中的表达式，ngInit 只适用于 ngRepeat 这种特殊性质的属性，除此之外，你应该使用控制器 而不是 ngInit 来初始化域中的值。</p>

<pre>&lt;body ng-app="initExample"&gt;
  &lt;script&gt;
  angular.module('initExample', [])
    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
      $scope.list = [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']];
    }]);
&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;div ng-controller="ExampleController"&gt;
  &lt;div ng-repeat="innerList in list" ng-init="outerIndex = $index"&gt;
    &lt;div ng-repeat="value in innerList" ng-init="innerIndex = $index"&gt;
       &lt;span class="example-init"&gt;list[ {{outerIndex}} ][ {{innerIndex}} ] = {{value}};&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>

<p><a class="tryitbtn" href="https://c.runoob.com/codedemo/5461" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">尝试一下 »</a></p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">hea7en</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hea7en</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;882***65@qq.com</p></div></span>4年前 (2018-12-08)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-42806"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yimawujiang</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;183***9689@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-42806" data-commid = "42806" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">12</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-42806"><p><a href="#div-comment-15756" rel="nofollow"><span class="marked">奕溟</span></a>的代码同时调用 first 和 second 两个指令时只有 first 指令生效是因为使用的是单标签，只要把 fist 和 second 都改成双标签即可。如下：
</p>

<pre>&lt;body ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="YiMing"&gt;
姓名: &lt;input type="text" ng-model="name"/&gt; &lt;br/&gt;
     &lt;first&gt;&lt;/first&gt;
    &lt;second&gt;&lt;/second&gt;
&lt;script&gt;
angular.module('myApp', []).directive('first', [ function(){
    return {
        restrict: 'AE', 
        template: 'first name:{{name}}'
    };
}]).directive('second', [ function(){
    return {
        scope: {}, // 创建指令自己的独立作用域，与父级毫无关系
        controller: function($scope) {
          $scope.name="YiMing"
        },
        restrict: 'AE', 
        template: 'second name:{{name}}'
    };
}]).controller('YiMing', ['$scope', function($scope){
    $scope.name="YiMing";
}]);
&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
<p><a class="tryitbtn" href="../try/try.php?filename=try_ng_directive_restrictions3" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">尝试一下 »</a></p>
<div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">yimawujiang</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yimawujiang</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;183***9689@qq.com</p></div></span>4年前 (2019-05-16)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
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